Geographical analysis
Department of Geography & GIS
Department of Geography & GIS
Geographical analysis
DOI: 10.53989/bu.ga.v14i2.25.3 5
Year: 2025, Volume: 14, Issue: 2, Pages: 70-77
Original Article
Surender Kumar1*, Ripudaman Singh2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana, India.
2Professor of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]
Received Date:16 February 2025, Accepted Date:22 December 2025
Waterlogging and soil salinity are severe challenges to agricultural productivity in Central Haryana. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal changes in waterlogging and salinity for the years 2010 and 2019-20, analyzing their impacts on land productivity and crop yields. Remote sensing data from LANDSAT 7 and 8 were employed to map affected areas using NDWI and NDSI indices. Geospatial analysis was complemented by a survey of 1,050 farmers, which provided insights into crop patterns, yield reductions, and economic losses due to these issues. The results revealed that waterlogging affected 14,091 hectares during the pre-monsoon season in 2010, increasing to 63,446 hectares post-monsoon. By 2019-20, waterlogged areas reduced to 13,480 hectares pre-monsoon and 44,159 hectares post-monsoon. Conversely, salinity levels increased significantly, particularly in moderately and strongly saline categories. The economic impact is considerable, with an annual estimated loss of ₹490 million, primarily due to reduced yields of key crops such as wheat, rice, and cotton. Factors contributing to these problems include excessive irrigation, canal seepage, poor drainage systems, and unregulated groundwater extraction. The study underscores the need for sustainable solutions such as subsurface drainage, efficient irrigation practices, and crop diversification. Policymakers and stakeholders must prioritize these interventions to mitigate waterlogging and salinity, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing the livelihoods of farmers. By integrating advanced geospatial techniques with ground-level surveys, this research offers a comprehensive framework for addressing land degradation challenges in similar agro-climatic regions.
Keywords: Waterlogging, Salinity, Land Productivity, Crop Production, RS, GIS
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© 2025 Kumar & Singh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published By Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka
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