Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structure needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that provide a framework supporting an entire structure of development. It is an important term for judging a country or region's development.

The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth, and can be defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.

Infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services, and also the distribution of finished products to markets, as well as basic social services such as schools and hospitals; for example, roads enable the transport of raw materials to a factory. In military parlance, the term refers to the buildings and permanent installations necessary for the support, redeployment, and operation of military forces. Research by anthropologists and geographers shows the social importance and multiple ways that infrastructures shape human society and vice versa.

Bangalore Cantonment appears to be the first recipient of telephone system, soon after its installation at Madras. During the Khedda Operation at Kakanakote in 1889, a

Use of telephones in the twin cities of Hubli and Dharwad was started in 1936. On 31.3.1936, a telephone exchange of 50 connections was established at Dharwad. Belgaum city appears to have got telephone in 1930.

The Belgaum Exchange started functioning from 1957. Telephone Exchange of Bellary was commissioned in 1940, and had 50 connections at the outset. In 1952, telephone link between Mysore and Madikeri was established. Use of Telephones in Madikeri City began on 22-1-1955. The first telephone exchange in Chitradurga district, was started at Davangere on 5-2-1953 with 44 connections. The telephone exchanges at Mandya and Chikmagalur, were started in 1955 and 1956.

When Karnataka Postal Circle was formed in 1960, the administration of the Postal and Telecommunication services in the State was with this newly created postal circle. Due to the expansion of postal and telecommunication services, the combined set-up was bifurcated on 1.9.1974. The Karnataka Postal Circle was headed by the Post Master.

The main aims of this study is to know the transportation and telecommunication development in Karnataka.

The data was obtained from the statistical department of Karnataka To know the spatial disparity of road transportation progress and Telecommunication in Karnataka.

It is providing varied telecommunication services to the whole country. Besides it, Private Agencies are also in the field. Mobile Phone Service has become more common now a days and through it people are getting maximum benefit. Infact it has succeeded in bringing the people closer and closer. Mobile instruments are available at competitive price with

facilities like SMS (Short Message Service), Camera, Playing games etc., provided within them.

In 1992-93, the number of STD/ISD routes in the State was 590. Apart from district headquarters, 159 taluk headquarters were brought under the STD network. During 92-93, 767 STD points were newly opened in order to facilitate greater access to the non-telephone owning public. The total STD points stood at 2,800. By providing new connections to 1,207 village panchayats, altogether 5,644 village panchayats were linked up with the telephone network. Traveling public too were taken care of by installing 207 public telephones on the national highways. There were 20,933 public STD booths working in different parts of the state by the end of March 1999. Free phone connections were provided to 598 tribal villages and 48 hospitals at various district headquarters. At present, all the taluk and hobli headquarters were brought under STD network and majority of the villages were provided with telephone services. Coin booths have entered rural villages and common man being given access to it. The advent of cellphones has brought revolutionary effect in the field of telecommunication, private companies like Airtel, Reliance, Vodaphone, Air-cell, Idea, Tata- indicom have competing with BSNL by extending varieties of schemes to the customers. Cell companies like Sony, Nokia, Samsung etc are bringing vivid type of mobile units regularly.

In 1971, there were 33 exchanges with 7,310 telephones in Dakshina Kannada district. Mangalore City alone had 4,200 telephones. There were 18,753 connections in use in 1960- 61, and their number in 1991-92 was 1,39,503. There were 1,30,230 telephones in Dakshina Kannada District, where as 52,011 telephones were operating in Udupi District. by March 2000.

During the period from 1982 to 1992, there was rapid expansion in the telephone system. As a result, 83,258 telephones which were in use during 1982, rose to 3,75,043 telephones in 1992-93. By March 2000, there were 18,29,400 telephones working in the State and Bangalore (Urban) District. ranked first with 6,08,103 telephones. As on March 2003, there were altogether 27,53,499 telephone connections serving the needs of the people in the State. There were 739 telephone exchanges functioning in Karnataka Circle in 1982, as against 1707 in 1992. As many as 92 new exchanges were started in 1992-93 and thus bringing the total number to 1,799 exchanges. They rose to 2,354 by March 2000. As on March 2003, it had gone upto 2,696. Due to substantical growth in information technology mobile phones are increasing considerably and all the same time there land lines are decreasing to certain extent. As a result by March 2008 there were 2727 telephone exchanges to serve the 26,10,353 telephone subscribers in the state. If Bangalore (Urban) district with 8,80, 435 telephones topped the list, Dakshina Kannada district with 1,86, 446 telephones ranked second. Chamarajanagar with 17, 389 telephones ranked last. This is due to mobile phones gaining more popularity.

Infrastructure refers to services drawn from the set of public works that traditionally has been supported by the public sector, though in many cases, the infrastructure services may be produced in the private sector. Water supply, sanitation, transportation, electricity, telecommunications, irrigation dams, regulated markets and banks are some of the examples of infrastructure that generate services. The agricultural infrastructure includes all of the basic services, facilities, equipment, and institutions needed for the economic growth and efficient functioning of the food and fiber markets. Infrastructure investment demands a strong commitment to the research and cooperative extension system that enhances production, marketing, food safety, nutrition, natural resource conservation, and all other functions of different agencies concerned with agricultural infrastructure.