Agricultural development is multidimensional in nature. There are number of elements influencing on the level of agricultural development in a region. Agricultural development largely based on the resources of their immediate natural endowments which can be modified only at a heavy cost. Therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal differences in the level of agricultural development and to examine measures their relationships with physical and non-physical factors influencing on levels of development is needed. It can be used as an effective means for delineating the areas, where even agrarian mechanization could not bring significant changes and modification in crop structure and agricultural production. Hence it may thereby be termed as areas of weakness.

Commercialization of agriculture is another dimension of agricultural development. The percentage of cropped area under cash crops may be used as a measure of commercialization of agriculture. The density of market centres per 1000 sq.km of area

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for millions of people in India. Agricultural development is central to all strategies of planned socio-economic development in India. Spectacular break- through in agricultural research, technology development and dissemination under the umbrella of Green Revolution has been major factors in increasing both agricultural production and productivity. The socio-economic factors, the regional institutional setup and the natural factors varying over geographical area together provide a climate for a particular nature of agricultural development framework. Agricultural development enhances social and cultural development due to an increase in per capita income. There is an overall improvement in the quality of life which gets expression in the level of education, health care, better housing and so on. Cultivators are able to make use of technology and go for the improved method of farming. The first important work on problems and prospects of agricultural development in India is the Report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture in India (1928) which provides an authentic report on many problems that were responsible for agriculture backwardness in India, suggestions for improvement of agricultural situation have also been given. Banerjee (1969) suggested that the future of Indian agriculture depends on the adoption of adequate strategy in agricultural planning based on comprehensive assessment in agricultural resources potentiality in social and economic infrastructure and their possible impact on the country as a whole. Kanwar (1970) has focused attention on the modernization of Indian agriculture. According to him productivity of agriculture is based on the HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, scientific water management and other practices. These are suitable components of the progress and modernization of Indian agriculture. Pal (1975), in his study has found out that agriculture being the prominent sector of economy, the pace of economic development of the country, has been still continues to be significantly influenced by the pace of its agricultural development. In fact, several eminent scholars have explained the spatio-temporal variations in agricultural development. (Mellor, 1967; Mitra, 1967; Nath, 1969; Sharma, 1971; Alam, 1974; Shenoi, 1975; Mohammad Ali, 1979; Srivastava, 1983). Swaminathan (2009) expressed that agriculture is not just a food providing machine but the backbone of the livelihood of sixty per cent of people of India. According to Datt and Sundharam (2009), agricultural growth has a direct impact on poverty eradication, health, nutrition of rural masses, national security and multiplier effect on entire economy. Peter (1988) argued that the growth in agricultural productivity is central to development. Agriculture is the largest sector of the nation which provides about one-fourth GDP, gives livelihood to more than sixty per cent of population and employs nearly 69 per cent of the total workforce (Ranganathan, 2003). Thus, the development of agriculture sector can serve up as a catalyst for rapid growth of whole economy (Maity and Chatterjee, 2006). They all have tried to understand the pattern and processes of the crucial problem of agricultural development as it is a multidimensional concept. There are concerns regarding the agriculture sector in India as the compound growth rate of total food grains were less than two percent in the last decade i.e. area: 0.29, production: 1.96, yield: 2.94 (Ministry of Finance, 2011); making traditional farming a non viable agricultural activity. Disparities in productivity across regions/districts and even within crops persist with significant increase in small and marginal farm holdings. Agricultural development denotes the quality of agricultural system of a region; it is a multi dimensional concept which mainly includes development in a real strength of cropped land, improvement in farm practices/system, improved farm implements, irrigation system and irrigated area, high yielding improved varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides, intensity of cropping and specialization and commercialization of agriculture (Mohammed, 1980). The changing agro-economic scenario drew attention of research workers on diffusion of technological development in agriculture. In India majority of its population depend upon agriculture. So a vast rural mass tries to earn their livelihood from agricultural land. With fast increasing pressure of population on agricultural land, old methods and techniques of production cannot cope with growing demand. As a result, new technologies and commercial crops are adopted to develop agro-economy. For these reason emphases on the diffusion of agricultural innovation are stressed. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the spatio-temporal pattern of agricultural development in seven development taluks of Mandya district.

Mandya District is part of Mysore plateau in the South Indian Peninsula. The District lies between 76° 19' and 77° 20' East Longitude and 12° 13' and 13° 04' North Latitude. It is bounded on the North by Hassan and Tumkur district, on the east by Tumkur and Bangalore districts, on South by Mysore district and on the West by the Hassan and Mysore District.

To study the special pattern of Agricultural Development in Mandya district.

The present study is based on secondary source of published data for the years 1991 and 2017 obtained from the statistical magazine of Mandya district.

Where

Zi= Standard score for the 1^st observation

Xi= Original value of the observation

X= Mean for all the values of X