Karnataka's climate change's effects on people's health and wellbeing Summertime temperatures that are higher are strongly linked to an enhanced risk of many illnesses in older persons, expectant mothers, and children. Urban residents may feel warm because the additional heat from urban heat islands contributes to persistent warming and is thought to increase the number of heat-related deaths more than the amount of deaths from coal areas 1. The biggest threat to world health in the twenty-first century is climate change." The opening statement provides an overview of the year-long commission that was co-hosted by The Lancet and the University College London Institute meant for Global Health. In the absence of adaptation and mitigation, it exacerbates health disparities, especially by adversely affecting the social determinants of health in underprivileged areas 2.

Climate Change Framework Convention Climate change is a way in which human activity directly or indirectly modifies the organization of the Earth's atmosphere. Moreover, natural climate change has also been observed in comparable time. The UNFCCC distinguishes between climate change caused by natural processes and climate change caused by human action that alters the creation of the atmosphere. The complexity of social and environmental factors that influence disease and health outcomes makes3. Among the implications of climate change on human health are increasing sea levels, changing precipitation patterns, more frequent or intense extreme weather events, and rising temperatures. These impacts on our health have an impact on the food we consume, the water we drink, and the weather we experience. Numerous factors, such as individual behavior, age, gender, and economic status, as well as the capacity of human health and safety agencies to manage or foresee these changing dangers, influence the extent of these health concerns. Impact of climate change will differ for each individual based on their location, amount of community adaptation, susceptibility to health hazards, and exposure to those effects4. Given public worries about the detrimental effects of agriculture on both human health and the environment, there is a unique need for conventionally cultivated crops, especially in states where the majority of commodities certified safe for human consumption are farmed5. Systems that are weed-suppressive, productive, profitable, and protective of both human health and environmental quality can be sustained with the help of human health practices and inputs. Relying more on biological processes and less on synthetic inputs can lead to agricultural practices and reduced harm to human health and the environment (Hunt, Liebman, Thakrar, & Hill, 2020).

Reasonable behavior, heredity, occupation, exposure to the local environment, and health care appear to play a major role in human health; yet the biosphere's life-supporting functions are necessary for population health to be sustained. Populations of all human health species rely on stable climate conditions, abundance of food and water, absence of excessive infectious disease, and physical safety and comfort. The climate system of a state is essential to this life support. All these conditions are anticipated to be impacted by climate change, which will have a significant effect on people's health and well-being (Majra & Gur, 2009). Its long-term goal is to establish a statewide health system that is resilient to climate change. Primary goals include raising public awareness, empowering health professionals, influencing legislation, emphasizing health preparedness, and building and strengthening non-governmental and intergovernmental collaborations. The overall health of the population can be improved by directly or indirectly integrating the concept of human health. Concepts of climate change with human health are being included in health professional training programs along with other initiatives to enhance professional skills8.

Human health is being negatively impacted by a few climates change-related variables, including heat waves, hurricanes, floods, disruptions in the food chain, zoonoses, food- and water-borne infections, and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Infections and mental health problems are transmitted by vectors (, 2016). Climate change is also having a negative influence on several socio-economic determinants of health, such as social support networks, access to healthcare, equity, and livelihoods. These climate-complex health risks disproportionately affect the most vulnerable then disadvantaged groups, with women, children, ethnic sections, impoverished communities, migrants or displaced individuals, the ageing, and persons with underlying medical conditions (Climate, 2023). The mean values of the various variables that were recorded in the state during the study period are contained in the climate database. Temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, vapor pressure, and total precipitation are some of these variables. Throughout the day, levels of distinct air chemicals including particulate count, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, are measured. The average of the values before and after is used to fill in any missing data. Averages are kept for the parameter to account for any lag between a change in each human health environment and its manifestation (Valentová & Bostik, 2021).

The best explanation for climate change is found in Marx's model, which holds that the linearity of the capitalist system undermines cyclical natural cycles. Today, one of the main reasons for climate change is agriculture. Marx expounded upon this. An "ecological rift" or "metabolism" exists when natural cycles with linear productive processes are broken between human society and the natural, non-human environment. This ecological divide still exists today.

To Study the Impact of Climate change on human health

Ayushman Bharat Arogya Karnataka health scheme is working positively impact compared to human Health

Long-term variations in Karnataka's climate are referred to as climate change. There has been a shift in the predicted weather patterns. Many aspects of climate change, such as variations in rainfall, droughts, more frequent floods, and heat waves, have an impact on human health. The locations where we find shelter are all impacted by climate change. The frequency or severity of excessive weather incidents and the development of specific pests and diseases, climate change can have an impact on people's health and well-being. Water is scarce in most locations, and climate change is altering its availability. water-stressed areas, global warming will make water scarcity worse and raise the possibility of crop-damaging agricultural droughts.

Focus groups for qualitative research have been held in Karnataka. The study used a Primary data collection strategy to obtain only Qualitative and quantitative data. Researchers now have the chance to apply their knowledge of climate change to their study thanks to data gathered from numerous government and institutional websites. The researcher gathered information based on specific parameters.

Climate affects wellbeing in Karnataka rising rates of malnutrition and associated illnesses like childhood stunting, with the impoverished probably suffering the most effects. By 2050, stunting of children is expected to rise by 35% when compared to a world without climate change. Health issues such as heart disease, respiratory disorders, and some cancers can be brought on by exposure to environmental contaminants (, 1978). Walking outdoors improves your emotional and physical health by lowering heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and the release of stress chemicals. According to specialists, it might even lower mortality in areas like human health. Our surroundings physical, chemical, and biological8. There are two categories of consequences that climate change has on human health: direct effects and indirect effects. Changes in extreme weather and the ensuing rise in storms, floods, droughts, heat waves, and wildfires are examples of direct mechanisms or dangers. Risks that are mediated indirectly include variations in the biosphere, the burden of disease and the movement of disease-carrying organisms, as well as changes in food supply, water quality, air pollution, land use, and ecology. Floods are predicted to grow more severe in the future due to an increase in heavy rainfall events. Rainfall and flooding interact in a complex way. Flooding is predicted to become less common in some areas. More potential for vector reproduction and the spread of infectious diseases is created by stronger hurricanes. Stronger winds are a sign of extreme weather. These winds could transport vectors over tens of thousands of km, bringing new infectious pathogens to previously uninfected areas. Numerous aspects related to droughts are impacted by climate change, including the amount of rain that falls and the pace at which it evaporates. Droughts are becoming more severe and frequent in many sections of the world for the global warming. The likelihood and activity of wildfires increase with climate change. Warming ground temperatures brought on by climate change result in earlier snowmelt dates, drier-than-expected vegetation, more probable fire days, a higher frequency of summer droughts.

Infectious illness outbreaks have grown in response to global climate change. The spread of infective diseases that are affected by climate change include dengue fever, malaria, leishmaniasis, zika fever, chikungunya, and Ebola virus disease, which are spread by vectors. The fact that climate change is affecting the seasonality and geographic limit of the insects, or disease vectors, that can spread the diseases, is one of the factors for increasing disease transmission. In 2022, scientists made the following unambiguous observation: "the prevalence of climate-related food-borne and waterborne diseases. Climate change affects many aspects of food security through "multiple and interconnected pathways." Many of these, including crops that fail due to more common and difficult weather events, are related to how climate change is influencing agriculture. This is in addition to several other ongoing challenges that reduce food security across the board. A decrease in food security raises the risk of undernutrition and all the health problems that go along with it. Changes in impressive carbon dioxide can cause certain crops, like wheat, to lose some of their protein and mineral content. The outcomes of storms with higher frequency and intensity were excluded. The study assessed the death rate among the elderly due to heat exposure, the rise in dengue, malaria, diarrhea, coastal flooding, and undernutrition in children.

Following suggestions are made from the above analysis:

Its long-term goal is to establish a state-wide healthcare system that is resilient to climate change. The public, health professionals, policymakers, etc. should be made aware of human health issues, health capacity should be strengthened, health readiness should be prioritized, and governmental and non-governmental partnerships should be developed and strengthened. Climate change may have a variety of effects on human health then disease, in addition to other natural and man-made stressors. There will be an increase in certain current health hazards as well as the emergence of new ones. Not everybody is in the same danger. Age, financial standing, and location are crucial factors. Farmers' health may be impacted by the physical, biological, and environmental disruption caused by humans in Karnataka. Changes in food distribution and geographic distribution, an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, accidents and early fatalities linked to extreme weather proceedings, and water-borne diseases are some of the human health effects of those disturbances.