Karnataka is one amongst the industrially developed States in the Country. The State has all potential to stand out on the fore front and has been focusing on development of industries, trade and service sectors. The State Government understands that the challenges poised due to global economic recession have to be addressed to promote economic growth of the State. A stimulus to boost economic activities needs to be given to sustain the current pace of overall development. Further, the State is endowed with rich natural resources across the State and such resources need to be optimally utilized for the benefit of local people.Value addition to resources is one of the ways of optimizing the wealth available locally. This will also help ensure uniform spread of industries and economic activities throughout the State and will accelerate the pace of development especially in the districts of North Karnataka. Through these measures, the Government would be able to readdress the serious issue of regional imbalances in development. The State Government realizes the limitation of agriculture sector to generate large scale employment to the local youths. About 56% of the State’s workforce is estimated to contribute 19.13% of the GSDP. It is the agreed fact that, the manufacturing sector has high potential to create maximum employment that too, to all sections and levels of job aspirants.

Since India’s independence, the traditional industries were set up which were concentrated only in few areas. Other areas were not the centers of industrialization at that time. Over the spread of time, the setting of industries gradually spread across other areas, but was limited across backward regions. Industrial sector had attracted the attention of Industrial Policy Resolutions from time to time and was revived with the onset of economic reforms in 1991. Since then, this sector garnered some important changes that has brought improvement in this sector. Disinvestment, Privatization. Globalization, Inflow of foreign capital, Abolition of industrial licensing led to the revolutionary change in this sector and has led to expansion in the industrial production. As per NSSO report of 2011-12, “the secondary sector which includes manufacturing sector is contributing around 22.1 per cent of employment and the service sector has generated around 26.7 per cent of employment in the country.”

In Karnataka, there is a blend of both traditional and modern industries. On one hand, there are micro, small and medium enterprises and on the other hand, there are modern industries that are capital intensive in nature. Many Information technology companies, Knowledge-based industries have placed their strong foothold in the capital city of the state. This has led to enhancement of employment and the growth of the city. As per Economic Survey of Karnataka 2016-17, “the total number of industries in the state during 2013-14 are 12,107 which is 5.39 per cent of total industries in India. Further there are around 28784 MSME units in the state providing employment to 372348 people during 2016-17.” As per Nanjundappa Committee Report, “At the time of state reorganization, the extent of regional disparity in respect of the industrial development was quite large. Special efforts were made through the state plans to bridge this gap. The rates of growth of investments, infrastructural development etc., have been pegged at a higher level in North Karnataka. Yet, the pace of industrial development within the state has still remained quite uneven and imbalanced.

The State of Karnataka, confined roughly within 11°35’ North and 18°30’ North latitudes and 74°5’ East and 78°35’ East longitudes, is situated on a tableland where the Western and Eastern Ghat ranges converge into the Nilgiri hill complex. Karnataka is a state in the southern part of India. It was created on November 1, 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganization Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state extends to about 750km from North to South and about 400km from East to West.

The main aims of this study is to comprehend the Industrial status of districts. To comprehend the Industrial disparities of districts in Karnakata from 2001-2011.

The data was obtained from the statistical department of Karnataka to know the spatial disparity of Industry progress of industrial sector was discussed. The various favourable factors present in the state for the development of industries are:

To know the industrial disparity in the districts of Karnataka State Industries are classified in to four categories 1. Textile 2. Chemicals, 3. Engineering 4. Others. By observing the above table, conclude that industries are distributed unevenly throughout the state.

Bangalore, Bangalore Rural, Belgaum, Dakshina Kannada, Mysore, Dharwad, Bellary districts are has much concentration in industries, where Gulberga, Bijapur, Bagakot, Uttar Kannada, Chamarajanagara, Mandya, Kodagu, Hassan, Chikkaballapura districts are less concentrated. Remaings district are has medium concentration of industries.

Regional disparity of industries are because of the resource, planning, administration imbalance of the regions.

Has witnessed positive increase in this indicator with CAGR of 9.20 per cent. Most of the districts of the state have experienced increase in the per capita development credit by banks. Among those districts, the highest increase is noticed in Kolar district with CAGR of 28.42 per cent. It is followed by Tumkur and Vijayapur district with CAGR of 20.91 and 19.56 per cent respectively. The lowest increase is seen across Bengaluru rural district where CAGR of 0.25 per cent is recorded. Further backward districts namely Yadagiri, Koppal and Kalburagi have also witnessed increase with CAGR of 17.59, 15.96 and 11.31 per cent respectively. The highest decline in the availability of bank branches per lakh population was seen across Kodagu district with CAGR of – 12.02 per cent. It is followed by Bengaluru urban and Shivamogga district with CAGR of -11.80 and -10.55 per cent respectively. Further during 2013, the highest number of bank branches per lakh population was recorded in Udupi (29). It is followed by Dakshina Kannada and Uttar Kannada with 27 and 22 branches respectively. The lowest number of bank branches was witnessed across Shivamogga and Bengaluru urban districts. Nearly 20 districts of the state have recorded the availability of bank branches per lakh population higher than the state availability of 10.7. As far as decline is concerned, the highest decline in the growth of number of enterprises engaged in trade, hotels and transport per lakh population is noticed across Bengaluru urban district with CAGR of -25.39 per cent. It is followed byYadagiri district and Kalburagi district with negative CAGR’s of 20.52 and 7.51 per cent respectively. Further During 2013, the highest number of enterprises was noticed in Chamrajnagar district with 8175 units. It is followed by Chitradurga and Belagavi district with 3680 and 3604 respectively. Similarly the lowest number of enterprises was recorded across Bengaluru urban and Yadagiri districts.

An analysis of disparities across selected indicators pertaining to industry, trade and finance reveals that the disparities across districts have increased considerably in all the indicators. A higher disparity is seen across Number of enterprises engaged in trade, hotels and transport per lakh population (I5) indicator followed by Number of industrial units per lakh population (I1) indicator. Similarly, the disparities have also widened in all the selected indicators in the context of taluks of the state. A closer look at the Industrial Development Index reveals that most of the districts of the state have recorded decline in their index values, while majority of the taluks of the state have noticed increase in their index values. But the disparities across districts and taluks in case of Industrial Development Index are increasing.

Table 1

Sl. No	District Name	Textile	Chemi-als	Enginee-ring	Others	Total
1	Bangalore	975	260	2594	2765	6594
2	Bangalore Rural	39	48	183	190	460
3	Ramanagara	23	5	28	77	133
4	Chitradurga	13	0	5	155	173
5	Davanagere	8	9	53	168	238
6	Kolara	9	19	44	152	224
7	Chikkaball	5	7	11	19	42
8	Shimoga	-	4	92	135	231
9	Tumkur	3	9	120	254	386
10	Chikmagalur	-	3	5	99	107
11	Dakshina Kannada	-	24	51	479	554
12	Udupi	2	3	1	347	353
13	Hassan	5	4	0	72	81
14	Kodagu	-	0	0	46	46
15	Mandya	5	12	5	68	90
16	Mysore	25	42	77	442	587
17	Chamaraja	1	0	0	25	26
	South Karnataka	939	449	3269	5493	10325
18	Belgaum	76	20	190	426	712
19	Bijapur	14	5	9	20	48
20	Bagalkot	3	0	6	49	58
21	Dharwad	18	11	147	274	449
22	Gadag	18	0	5	86	109
23	Haveri	3	2	7	98	110
24	Uttar Kannada	-	3	15	66	84
25	Bellary	1	13	6	392	412
26	Bidar	-	31	22	49	102
27	Gulbarga	1	7	24	69	101
28	Yadgiri	-	1	9	37	47
29	Raichur	1	15	8	241	265
30	Koppal	-	3	0	187	290
	North Karnataka	22	111	448	1994	2687
	Total	961	560	3717	7487	13012

Table 2

		I1			I2			I3			I4			I5
District		2013	CAGR	1991	2011	Change	2001	2013	CAGR	2000	2013	CAGR	1998	2013	CAGR
Bengaluru urban	616	72	-13.36	31.4	17.9	-13.5	1195	31	-26.27	11.0	2.2	-11.80	1777	22	-25.39
Bengaluru rural	784	38	-18.21	10.9	0.7	-10.2	1587	1636	0.25	6.0	15.4	7.54	1163	1366	1.08
Chikkaballapura	624	20	-20.62	5.5	0.2	-5.3	456	58	-15.75	8.6	5.2	-3.83	1007	1362	2.03
Chitradurga	299	43	-12.09	5.6	1.0	-4.6	2953	24174	19.15	8.0	10.7	2.28	1657	3680	5.46
Davanagere	399	30	-15.83	8.3	0.3	-8.0	3338	3852	1.20	7.0	9.5	2.34	1587	3597	5.61
Kolar	391	477	1.33	6.8	8.1	1.3	919	18495	28.42	7.0	11.7	4.00	1229	1385	0.80
Ramanagara	720	65	-14.83	16.6	3.4	-13.2	1915	1828	-0.38	5.4	14.0	7.63	1326	2267	3.64
Shivamogga	608	927	2.85	8.2	8.7	0.5	5270	2464	-6.14	9.0	2.1	-10.55	1519	652	-5.48
Tumkur	597	971	3.29	10.3	10.7	0.4	1802	17587	20.91	7.0	9.1	2.01	1215	1638	2.01
Chamarajanagar	633	873	2.17	7.1	7.9	0.8	1999	2653	2.39	6.0	12.5	5.83	932	8175	15.58
Chickmagalore	401	7777	21.86	4.0	6.2	2.2	9244	30098	10.34	12.0	18.2	3.25	1337	1945	2.53
Dakshina
Kannada	573	670	1.05	35.7	8.6	-27.1	9851	6420	-3.51	16.0	27.5	4.25	1353	535	-6.00
Hassan	361	47	-12.73	3.9	1.6	-2.3	4293	28621	17.13	9.0	16.6	4.82	1512	1656	0.61
Kodagu	510	321	-3.05	4.0	0.2	-3.7	12613	7327	-4.43	20.0	3.8	-12.02	1793	3106	3.73
Mandya	285	535	4.29	4.5	6.2	1.7	3195	115	-24.20	7.0	11.1	3.59	1469	1625	0.67
Mysore	671	924	2.15	7.2	16.8	9.7	6282	43537	17.51	9.0	14.7	3.84	1195	1696	2.36
Udupi	561	935	3.46	17.9	20.0	2.1	7934	54858	17.48	18.0	29.4	3.84	1339	2015	2.76
Bagalkot	273	497	4.07	11.9	5.4	-6.5	3465	11117	10.20	7.0	13.1	4.92	999	1502	2.76
Belagavi	579	788	2.08	9.6	7.3	-2.3	3665	609	-13.89	8.0	12.3	3.35	1633	3604	5.42
Dharwad	643	67	-14.03	11.9	14.5	2.7	5716	56	-31.97	11.0	17.3	3.53	1747	3189	4.09
Gadag	481	14	-21.04	8.8	0.1	-8.7	4000	18558	13.64	8.0	13.2	3.90	1657	1509	-0.62
Haveri	444	38	-15.14	6.0	0.2	-5.9	3090	8285	8.57	7.0	10.8	3.37	1590	3134	4.63
Uttar Kannada	415	741	3.94	7.7	9.1	1.4	2103	17047	19.05	12.0	21.5	4.59	1697	3342	4.62
Vijayapur	238	456	4.43	4.1	4.2	0.1	2999	25579	19.56	7.0	10.2	2.97	877	2587	7.48
Ballari	492	58	-13.27	5.6	3.8	-1.8	4078	3039	-2.42	8.0	9.3	1.13	1535	1861	1.29
Bidar	366	68	-10.64	4.4	0.1	-4.3	4199	2454	-4.38	6.0	11.6	5.22	1077	2775	6.51
Kalburagi	305	63	-9.97	4.8	0.5	-4.3	1160	4197	11.31	5.0	8.5	4.16	1294	401	-7.51
Koppal	260	35	-12.51	4.9	6.2	1.3	3080	18206	15.96	6.0	10.1	4.12	1509	2659	3.85
Raichur	284	500	3.84	2.5	4.7	2.2	2483	NA		6.0	3.4	-4.34	1233	NA
Yadagiri	244	328	1.97	5.6	2.0	-3.6	347	2427	17.59	4.2	6.1	2.95	1497	48	-20.52
State	482	361	-1.90	10.7	7.8	-2.9	3527	10147	9.20	9.0	10.7	1.33	1428	1805	1.58

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