Apart from higher morbidity levels, which cause mortality of girl children, preference for son has been main causes for decline of girl children. Son-preference has being equally strong among different income groups and irrespective of caste and sex ratios where earlier period showed that sex ratios were better among lower castes and among the poor. The norms that have been part of India’s socio-economic fabric for centuries are that Sons are considered pivotal to family welfare, as they are the ones who earn money, continue family lineage, and provide a form of old age security for parents. A daughter, meanwhile, is considered to be a “double loss” as she not only leaves her family when she marries, becoming an “asset” to her new family, but she is also a source of marriage expenses, including the payment of dowry to the groom’s family.

Some new trends, such as the two-child family norm encouraged by the Indian government, and an emphasis on education also influence decisions. However, it has been that although small families are accepted in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, family planning effectively means, “Planning for sons.” Generally, people want educated daughters-in law, because it “…is oriented towards the future family of the couple-children will get proper guidance and instructions from an educated mother…marriage prospects rather than employment appear to drive education.” However, parents expressed the hope that more education for girls would result in them obtaining white-collar, regular, and secure work pre-marriage-and a better choice of prospective husbands. In rural areas of India, there may be a compromise in the duration of schooling. It observed that “… girls are encouraged to complete as much education as they can- but-if a ‘good match’ is found; the girl is married off before she completes her studies.”

In India, members of the older generation referred to children as natures or a divine gift, and of the sin of getting rid of a child. Women of reproductive age may agree with this view, and may protest, but decisions of family member’s plays crucial role regarding gender of children. Since the 1980s, technology widely available in India, such as amniocentesis and ultrasound, has permitted parents to predetermine the size and gender composition of children for their families through abortion. Although sex-selective abortion is illegal and banned in India, it has been widely practicing even rural areas of India. Some people are did not stop at one abortion, but had more than two times-because a girl had been conceived each time. “Abortion,” is the method of family planning par excellence-to limit family size, to enable spacing between children, and also to regulate the sex composition of the family. Sex Selective Abortion is referred as “High-Tech Sexism” by AmartyaSen 7 a renowned economist, who studied missing females in India.

Neglect of girls, whether planned or inadvertent, also contributes to the lower child sex ratio. The degree of discrimination varied by location, there nonetheless was widespread evidence of lower levels of nutrition, health care, schooling, and emotional care, and high levels of under immunization in general. “With nutrition and health, who may or may not take the decision is uncertain, but the discrimination is evident”. A firstborn daughter was not typically subjected to inferior treatment; she was treated like her brothers. But with each additional girl, the pressure to have a son increased and starts discrimination against girl children.

When a daughter grows up and marries, she essentially becomes chattel in her husband’s parents’ home and has very limited contact with her natal family. Even if she earns a good living, it will be of no help to her own parents in their old age. So for parents, investing in a daughter is truly, in the Hindi expression, planting a seed in the neighbor’s garden. Sons, by contrast, provide a kind of social security. Changes in work, education, marriage age, and marriage costs also seem to add up to disaffection for daughters, to a greater extent than before. The factors causing this include: increased investment that has to be made in daughters in terms of education and marriage; the loss of their material and labour support; fears for their sexual safety and security; and worries about their future happiness in an appropriate marriage.

Impending consequences: In India, the deficit of Girl Children leads to many severe upcoming consequences by way of socio-economic, cultural, religious, demographic, and political aspects, but many may be less gravity and some could be very serious, which are briefly discussed hereunder.

No relevance of institution of marriage: Continuous declining in Child Sex Ratio has many potentially serious consequences, although there are no historical model by which to learn about the implications of a lack of women relative to men, one fairly obvious social consequences is that there are not enough women for men to marry and the institution of marriage would lost its relevance.

Raise in Child marriages: The scarcity of brides might lead to the child betrothal and early marriage (child marriage) to cope with the problem. Increasing numbers of child brides will further contribute to the poor status of women, as will be less likely to finish the school or develop skills before marriage.

Chances of Disease Burden: Young brides and their children are also more likely to suffer from the increased morbidity and mortality associated with early child birth Thus there are serious socio-economic and health implications of declining child sex ratio.

Increase in dowry Amount: Another consequence of scarcity of female is the increase in dowry i.e. payment of exorbitant dowry, daughters are often sold to higher castes and even poor man often paid a bride price to obtain a wife. Among the Jats in particular and various other in general, the scarcity of women led to wide spread system of polyandry.

Non available of suitable spouse by age and sect: Present trend of gender imbalance continues, one of the serious repercussions would be a rude shock to the institution of marriage in the decades to come. It has severe consequences especially in North Indian states of Punjab and Haryana which are characterized by in ability of men in marriageable age to find suitable partner by age as well as caste.

Increase in age gap: Scarcity of females may cause to increase in age gap between bide and bridegrooms. The brides will have much lower ages than bridegrooms, it causes to many problems like adjustment, family life, companionship etc.

Buying brides from other regions: The Hindustan Times, July 12, 2003read as "in Hathin (Haryana), because of shortage of women men buying brides from other states like Assam, West Bengal and from far away villages of Bihar. The price put on such a girl is much less than what people pay for cattle, after marriage they are condemned to a life of slavery.

Cultural Problems:Men from the shortage of female by caste, group, area and region causes to get marry of other castes, sects, areas and regions, it may causes to cultural problems, because brides have to adjust with bridegrooms family cultural, deviation may causes troubles in coping up of family life.

Abduction and trafficking of girls: Shortage of brides would be leads to abduction and trafficking of girls that resulted in expansion of the sex industry with the magnitude of spreading Sexually Transmitted Diseases and deadly disease like HIV/AIDS would increase manifold. The Hindustan Times recently reported that young girls from Assam and West Bengal are kidnapped and sold into marriage in neighbouring Haryana 8 .

Raise of anti-social behaviour: In this distorted social scenario marked by growing anti-social behaviour, crimes against women like rape, molestation,eve teasing, child marriages; forced polyandry etc. is also expected to rise.

Pressure on Women: Parents who have a fervent preference for male offspring will impose pressure on women. Thus, women who had given birth to only daughters were desperate for sons and would keep having children until they had one or two male children. In a study done by the Centre for Social Research in Haryana, fear of violence is a cause for female foeticide. Also the women who produce daughters face much more domestic violence which makes them complicit in getting rid of the girl child 9 .

Risk of ostracism: A family with only daughters will also likely lose its land when the father dies: although women can legally inherit property, in some areas of India, they risk ostracism or even murder if they claim what is theirs.

Some men may remain unmarried: Some states now experience a shortage of brides because of the adverse sex ratios. It was notes that 20% or more men in some states, including Haryana and Punjab, may remain unmarried. There are already examples of brides being “imported” from poorer eastern states. Further, unmarried men may faces Psycho-social problems like lack of sexual pleasure, family life, loneliness etc.

Delay in Marriages: Trends to higher age at marriage, more so in urban settings, were also observed, possibly as a function of the emphasis on education. In urban areas, it observed that the average age at marriage is now 20 for boys and 17 to 18 for girls, where earlier both were married at 14 years of age. Perhaps the rise in marriage age may be due to greater difficulty in finding an eligible spouse, with factors such as education, earning capacity, and dowries raising the stakes for the ideal match.

Choice of mate selection by girls may decline: Ensuring a girl’s chastity is considered a great parental responsibility and is one of the arguments for promoting early marriage. For better or worse, some of the usual social, cultural, and economic norms in Indian society’s choice of mates may be swayed. In some regions inter-caste marriage, marriage with girls of tribal communities, and polyandry are now becoming more common.

Social tensions arise: There are also reports of bride buying and forced remarriage of widows. In the near future social tension could rise because of the challenge of finding female partners, and may lead to crimes against women. Others wonder if a shortage of women will lead to less violence against them, or a decrease in dowries. Thus, the increasing imbalance in sex ratios is a sign of continued inequality between the sexes. The scarcity of females, they add, is symptomatic of their low value.

Disappear of mothering roles: In India, females are playing crucial role in household chores, childbearing as well as child rearing activities with more patience. Further, females role as mother cannot be ignored that strengthens family system;welfare of family members; however, in future, these can be slowly disappear if girl children decline rapidly.

Decline in Female labour: Apart from household works, females are engaging in outdoor employments, especially in agrarian sector of rural economy, the contribution of females by supporting men has been quite significant. However, their contribution is often unrecorded and unacknowledged. In this context, decline in child sex ration leads squeezed female labour force. Further, the economic consequences are grave for deficit of females that a huge proportion of the productive population is missing and also the lack of women impairs the ability of men to work.

Decline Population Growth: In the entire world, for smooth growth of population of any county, both men and women are equally important. If females continuously declining, it causes to deficit of women population thereby it affects the growth of population by lack of females for men reproductive activity. Thus, scarcity of females brings down societies reproductive potential by lowering net reproductive rate. Moreover, events such as new household formation will decline.