In 2001 census, Bidar had population of 1502373 of which males were 771,022 and 731,351 were females. In 2011, Total population of the district is 1703300 of which male and female were 870665 and 832635 respectively, i.e., 200927 population is increased in the study region as per the census. Table 1 shows the taluk wise distribution and growth of population in two periods i.e. 2001 and 2011 census. The district stands 16^th position in terms of the population in the state. There was change of 13.37 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. The maximum population growth is seen in Bidar Taluk with 15.88% growth rate because it’s a district headquarters, and it is a center of social, economic, political, and commercial activities. So it is leading in its population growth followed by 15.12% in Basavakalyan taluk. Remaining two taluks the growth rate was below to the district average. Slow growth rate of population recorded in Bhalki taluk with 7.9% because of dry and agriculturally backward area and less employment opportunity.

Table 1

Sl. No.	Taluks	Total Population 2001	Growth Rate (%)	Total Population 2011	Growth Rate (%)
1	Aurad	245294	16.8	278400	13.5
2	Basav-akalyan	299910	21.7	345247	15.12
3	Bhalki	257042	15.3	277350	7.9
4	Bidar	405540	22.4	469941	15.88
5	Humna-bad	294587	20.2	332362	12.83
Total		1502373	19.6	1703300	13.37

Source: Bidar District Census Handbooks 2001-2011

Figure 2

Figure 3

Rural and Urban relationship is an important component of the population. The distribution of Rural and urban ratio in the region is studied to understand the degree of rate of growth of population varying from rural to urban and vice versa. It is assumed that increase in population is largely added by the rural inhabitants rather than urban areas because of illiteracy and non-adaptation of family planning. But because of improvements in the medical facilities, and process of urbanization having witnesses increase in the high rate of births in urban areas. Table No.2 shows the spatial variation of rural and urban population in 2001-2011 census in the bidar district. In 2001 the decadal variation in urban population slightly increased due to migration from villages to towns in the district and vice versa in rural areas. According to 2011 census highest rural population is found in Basavakalyana taluk 21.57% followed by Humanabad, Bidar, Aurad and Bhalki taluks. The Balki Taluk registered lowest rural population with 18.56% and the lowest urban population found in Aurad taluk.

Figure 4

The Density of Population (population per square kilometer) in Bidar District more or less is evenly distributed. The topography of the district has significant effect on the population density distribution. Table No.3 shows the taluk wise growth of population density and sex ratio in the district during last two decades. The density of population in the district is 276 person/Km² in 2001 to 313 person/ km² in 2011, which spreads over the 5448 sq.kms area. Among the taluks of the district, Bidar taluk accounts for the largest share 469941 population with the density is 518 person/Km², Whereas, Medium density is observed in the taluks of Humnabad and lowest is in Aurad taluk with 226 person/Km². Bidar and Humnabad taluk having high density in comparison to other taluks it is due to well fertile soil, and good irrigation facility and urbanization and industrial development.

Figure 5

Sex Ratio is an index of the socio-economic condition prevailing in an area and it’s a useful tool for regional analysis. Table No. 3 shows that taluk wise sex ratio, the average sex ratio was 949 females per 1000 males in 2001. It ranges from a maximum in basavakalyan taluk with 960 females per 1000 males and Bidar taluk is lowest sex ratio with 938 females per 1000 males. But in 2011 taluk Humnabad taluk was identified highest sex ratio is 962 females per 1000 males and Bidar taluk is lowest with 949 females per 1000 males. However, in rural areas the sex ratio is 961 and in urban areas the sex ratio is 941 in 2011 respectively. This is because of migration of male population in search of jobs, education etc.,